Is this estimate well-known?
Let be a separable Hilbert space and represents the norm induced by the inner product of , and let be a self-adjoint operator on bounded from below and denotes the domain of .
Suppose is an eigenvalue with multiplicity 1 attaining the value and is the corresponding eigenvector with .
Proposition. If is an isolated point of the spectrum and , with , then
\begin{align*}
\|x-e_0\|^2\leq 2\cdot \frac{\langle Ax,x\rangle - \lambda_0}{\lambda_1-\lambda_0},
\end{align*}
where .
Proof. Let be the spectral decomposition of . Then, for with ,
\begin{align*}
\langle Ax,x\rangle - \lambda_0
&= \int \lambda d\langle E(\lambda)x,x\rangle - \lambda_0 \\
&= \lambda_0(|\langle x,e_0\rangle|^2-1) + \int_{\lambda>\lambda_0}\lambda d\langle E(\lambda)x,x\rangle \\
&\geq \lambda_0(|\langle x,e_0\rangle|^2-1) + \lambda_1 \int_{\lambda>\lambda_0}d\langle E(\lambda)x,x\rangle \\
&= \lambda_0(|\langle x,e_0\rangle|^2-1) + \lambda_1(1-|\langle x,e_0\rangle|^2) \\
&= (\lambda_1-\lambda_0)(1-|\langle x,e_0\rangle|^2).
\end{align*}
Since implies , we obtain
\begin{align*}
\|x-e_0\|^2
&=2(1-\textrm{Re}\,\langle x,e_0\rangle) \\
&\leq 2(1-|\langle x,e_0\rangle|^2) \\
&\leq 2\cdot \frac{\langle Ax,x\rangle - \lambda_0}{\lambda_1-\lambda_0}.
\end{align*}
It completes the proof.